Rivastigmine (S-Rivastigmine; 1 µM; 24 hours) reduces LPS (2.5 µg/ml)-induced TNF-α and IL-6 by 50% and 46% combined with carbachol (10 µM), respectively and does not cause any significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines . Rivastigmine (1 µM), carbachol (10 µM), or a combination of both drugs, does not have a cytotoxic effect on activated cells.