ROS

HTHQ (50-200 mg/kg; oral administration; for 4 weeks; specific pathogen-free male Sprague Dawley rats) treatment significantly improves liver weight and serum chemistry level. HTHQ reduces hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde level in the liver. HTHQ treatment also reduces fibrotic septa. HTHQ administration shows reduced mRNA level of PDGF (Plateletderived growth factor) , α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) than DMN-induced hepetic fibrosis animals in the liver tissue. Animal Model: 48 specific pathogen-free male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (6-week-old ) with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) Dosage: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Administration: Oral administration; for 4 weeks Result: Improved against DMN-induced liver fibrosis in male SD rats.

HTHQ (0-100 μM; 24 hours; PC12 cells) treatment increases cell viabilities in a dose-dependent manner. HTHQ (10 μM; 0.6-24 hours; PC12 cells) inhibits 3,4-L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) -induced phosphorylation of sustaines extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2). HTHQ also normalizes L-DOPA-reduced Bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad) phosphorylation and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression, promoting cell survival. Cell Viability Assay Cell Line: PC12 cells Concentration: 0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM Incubation Time: 24 hours Result: Reduced cell viability at 24 hours caused by both 100 and 200 µM L-DOPA was significantly attenuated. Western Blot Analysis Cell Line: PC12 cells Concentration: 10 μM Incubation Time: 0.6-24 hours Result: Inhibited L-DOPA-induced phosphorylation of sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2). And also normalized L-DOPA-reduced Bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad) phosphorylation and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression.

HTHQ (1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone) 是一种强力的亲脂性酚类抗氧化剂。HTHQ 通过与活性氧 (ROS) 直接反应并清除 ROS 以形成更稳定的自由基而具有很强的抗氧化活性。